Astatine

History

(Gr. astatos: unstable) Synthesized in 1940 by D.R. Corson, K.R. MacKenzie, and E. Segre at the University of California by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles. The longest-lived isotopes, with naturally occurring uranium and thorium isotopes, and traces of 217At are equilibrium with 233U and 239Np resulting from integration of thorium and uranium with naturally produced neutrons. The total amount of astatine present in the earth's crust, however, is less than 1 oz.[1]

Properties

General
Name : astatine
Symbol : At
Atomic Number : 85
Chemical Series : Halogens
Block, Period : 17, 6
Appearance : metallic
Atomic Properties
Atomic Weight (amu) : 210
Covalent Radius (pm) : 127
Physical Properties
Matter : solid (radioactive)
Density (kg/) : n/a
Hardness : n/a
Melting Point (K) : 575
Boiling Point (K) : 610
Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol) : n/a
Fusion Heat (kJ/mol) : 114
Specific Heat (J/(kg*K) ) : n/a
Miscellaneous
Electrical Conductivity (106/m ohm) : n/a
Thermal Conductivity (W/(m*K) ) : 1.7

The "time of flight" mass spectrometer has been used to confirm that this highly radioactive halogen behaves chemically very much like other halogens, particularly iodine. Astatine is said to be more metallic than iodine, and, like iodine, it probably accumulates in the thyroid gland. Workers at the Brookhaven National Laboratory have recently used reactive scattering in crossed molecular beams to identify and measure elementary reactions involving astatine.[1]

Production

Astatine can be produced by bombarding bismuth with energetic alpha particles to obtain the relatively long-lived 209-211At, which can be distilled from the target by heating in air.[1]

Notes

[1] From Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division Website