Blowout preventer, abbreviated as \(BOP\), is a critical, high-pressure safety device installed on top of a wellhead during drilling, completion, and workover operations to prevent the uncontrolled release of formation fluids such as oil, gas, or water from a well. Its primary function is to maintain well control by sealing, closing, or partially restricting the wellbore if abnormal pressure conditions occur, such as a kick. A BOP system consists of one or more heavy-duty valves and rams, such as annular preventers and ram preventers, that can close around drill pipe, casing, or even seal an open hole. By allowing operators to isolate the well, circulate out formation fluids, and regain pressure balance, the blowout preventer plays a vital role in protecting personnel, equipment, the environment, and the integrity of the well.
