Circle

Written by Jerry Ratzlaff on . Posted in Plane Geometry

• A two-dimensional figure where all points are at a fixed equal distance from a center point.
• Center of a circle having all points on the line circumference are at equal distance from the center point.
• Chord of a circle is line segment on the interior of a circle.
• Diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints are on the circle. The diameters are the longest chords of the circle.  In the process industry, the diameter is typically used to describe the size pipe that the process is flowing through. Unless explictily specified, the diameter is assumed to mean the nominal pipe size (NPS). The inside diameter of a pipe is the longest distance between the two inside walls of the pipe. The outside diameter is the distance between the two outside walls. To find the thickness of the pipe, subtract the outside diameter from the inside diameter and divide by two.  When sizing flow meters or impact tees, a certain straight run maybe required. This is typically specified in terms of diameters. For example a 10" orifice meter with a 10 diameter upstream requirement will require 100" of unobstructed straight run upstream of the orifice plate.
• Radius of a circle is a line segment between the center point and a point on a circle or sphere.
• Sector of a circle is a fraction of the area of a circle with a radius on each side and an arc.
• Segment of a circle is the area of a sector of a circle minus a piece of that sector.

Circle area formula

 $$\large{ A =\pi \; r^2 }$$

Where:

$$\large{ A }$$ = area

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ \pi }$$ = Pi

Circle Circumference formula

 $$\large{ C= 2 \; \pi \; r }$$

Where:

$$\large{ C }$$ = circumference (perimeter)

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ \pi }$$ = Pi

Circle Chord Arc Length formula

 $$\large{ l = \frac { \theta} { 180 } \; 2 \; \pi \; r }$$

Where:

$$\large{ l }$$ = length

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ \theta }$$ = angle

$$\large{ \pi }$$ = Pi

Circle Chord Length formulas

 $$\large{ c = 2 \; r \; \sin \; \frac {\theta}{2} }$$ $$\large{ c = 2 \; \sqrt{r^2-h^2} }$$

Where:

$$\large{ c }$$ = chord

$$\large{ h, h' }$$ = height

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ \theta }$$ = angle

Circle Diameter formulas

 $$\large{ d = 2 \; r }$$ $$\large{ d = \frac {C} {\pi} }$$ $$\large{ d = \sqrt {\frac {4 \; A} {\pi} } }$$

Where:

$$\large{ d }$$ = diameter

$$\large{ A }$$ = area

$$\large{ C }$$ = circumference

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ \pi }$$ = Pi

Circle Distance from Centroid formulas

 $$\large{ C_x = r}$$ $$\large{ C_y = r}$$

Where:

$$\large{ C_x, C_y }$$ = distance from centroid

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

Circle Elastic Section Modulus formula

 $$\large{ S = \frac { \pi \; r^3 } { 4 } }$$

Where:

$$\large{ S }$$ = elastic section modulus

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ \pi }$$ = Pi

Circle Plastic Section Modulus formula

 $$\large{ Z = \frac { d^3 } { 6 } }$$

Where:

$$\large{ Z }$$ = plastic section modulus

$$\large{ d }$$ = diameter

Circle Polar Moment of Inertia formulas

 $$\large{ J_{z} = \frac { \pi \; r^4 } { 2 } }$$ $$\large{ J_{z1} = \frac { 5 \; \pi \; r^4 } { 2 } }$$

Where:

$$\large{ J }$$ = torsional constant

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ \pi }$$ = Pi

 $$\large{ r = \frac{d}{2} }$$ $$\large{ r = \frac{C}{2 \; \pi} }$$ $$\large{ r = \sqrt{ \frac{A}{\pi} } }$$ $$\large{ r = \frac{ v_c \; t }{ 2 \; \pi } }$$

Where:

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ A }$$ = area

$$\large{ v_c }$$ = circular velocity

$$\large{ C }$$ = circumference

$$\large{ d }$$ = diameter

$$\large{ \pi }$$ = Pi

$$\large{ t }$$ = time

Circle Sector Area formulas

 $$\large{ A = \frac { \theta } { 360 } \; \pi \; r^2 \;\; }$$ $$\large{ A = \frac { \theta \; \pi } { 360 } \; r^2 \;\; }$$

Where:

$$\large{ A }$$ = area

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ \theta }$$ = angle

$$\large{ \pi }$$ = Pi

Circle Segment Area formulas

 $$\large{ A = \frac { 1 } { 2 } \; r^2 \; \left( \; \frac {\pi} {180} \theta \;-\; sin \; \theta \; \right) \;\; }$$ $$\large{ A = \left( \frac { \theta \; \pi } { 360 } \;-\; \frac { sin \; \theta } { 2 } \right) r^2 \;\; }$$

Where:

$$\large{ A }$$ = area

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ \theta }$$ = angle

$$\large{ \pi }$$ = Pi

 $$\large{ k_{x} = \frac { r } { 2 } }$$ $$\large{ k_{y} = \frac { r } { 2 } }$$ $$\large{ k_{z} = \frac { \sqrt {2} } { 2 } \; r }$$ $$\large{ k_{x1} = \frac { \sqrt {5} } { 2 } \; r }$$ $$\large{ k_{y1} = \frac { \sqrt {5} } { 2 } \; r }$$ $$\large{ k_{z1} = \frac { \sqrt {10} } { 2 } \; r }$$

Where:

$$\large{ k }$$ = radius of gyration

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

Circle Second Moment of Area formulas

 $$\large{ I_{x} = \frac { \pi \; r^4}{ 4 } }$$ $$\large{ I_{y} = \frac { \pi \; r^4}{ 4 } }$$ $$\large{ I_{x1} = \frac { 5 \; \pi \; r^4}{ 4 } }$$ $$\large{ I_{y1} = \frac {5 \; \pi \; r^4}{ 4 } }$$

Where:

$$\large{ I }$$ = moment of inertia

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ \pi }$$ = Pi

Circle Torsional Constant formulas

 $$\large{ J = \frac { \pi \; r^4 } { 2 } }$$ $$\large{ J = \frac { \pi \; d^4 } { 32 } }$$

Where:

$$\large{ J }$$ = torsional constant

$$\large{ d }$$ = diameter

$$\large{ r }$$ = radius

$$\large{ \pi }$$ = Pi