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Chemical Engineering

new molecules and harnessing the power of current ones, biomolecular engineers can take new ideas from the beaker to mass market. Bioprocess Engineering - Bioprocess engineers design and optimize bioprocesses for the production of biopharmaceuticals,...

Fluid Dynamics

phenomena such as flow patterns, turbulence, and wave propagation. Governed by fundamental principles like conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, fluid dynamics is described mathematically by equations such as the Navier-Stokes equations, which...

Plane Geometry

a circle or sphere. Radius of Gyration of a Circle - About its center (perpendicular to its plane) is a measure of how its mass is distributed relative to the axis of rotation. Second Moment of Area of a Circle - Its resistance to bending or deflection...

National Association of Corrosion Engineers

(CRAs) for Stress Corrosion Cracking in Sour Oilfield Service NACE TM0199 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Deposit Mass Loading (Deposit Weight Density) Values for Boiler Tubes by the Glass-Bead-Blasting Technique NACE TM0204 - Exterior Protective...

Centrifugal Pump Installation

Foundation The purpose of a cement foundation for a pump is to help dampen the rotational vibration. Generally, the mass of the foundation to provide sufficient stability and damping is three times the weight of the rotating machine. Care should be...

Thrust Block

will be a thrust force trying to push the pipe straight ahead. Thrust Block Construction - A thrust block is typically a mass of concrete or other strong and stable material that is placed around the pipe at points where thrust forces are expected to...

Average Force

\dfrac{ m \cdot ( v_f - v_i ) }{ F } \) Symbol English Metric \( \bar F \) = Average Force \( lbf \) \(N\) \( m \) = Object Mass \( lbm \) \( kg \) \( v_f \) = Final Velocity \(ft\;/\;sec\) \(m\;/\;s\) \( v_i \) = Initial Velocity \(ft\;/\;sec\)...

Drag Coefficient

dimensionless \) \( F_d \) = Drag Force \( lbf \) \(N\) \( A \) = Area \( ft^2 \) \( m^2 \) \( \rho \) (Greek symbol rho) = Mass Density \(lbm \;/\; ft^3\) \(kg \;/\; m^3\) \( v \) = Velocity \(ft \;/\; sec\) \(m \;/\; s\) Drag coefficient, abbreviated...

Eckert Number

the ratio of kinetic energy to thermal energy in a fluid flow. It is defined as the ratio of the kinetic energy per unit mass to the specific enthalpy increment per unit temperature difference. It is used to study the behavior of high speed fluid flows,...

Stanton Number

\(Btu \;/\; hr-ft^2-F\) \(W \;/\; m^2-K\) \( C \) = Heat Capacity \(Btu \;/\; lbm-F\) \(kJ \;/\; kg-K\) \( G \) = Mass Velocity \(ft \;/\; sec\) \(m \;/\; s\) Stanton Number Interpretation The Stanton number essentially measures how effectively heat is...

Atmospheric Pressure

is approximately 101.3 kilopascals (kPa) or 1 atmosphere (atm). The pressure decreases with increasing altitude because the mass of the atmosphere above decreases. At high altitudes, atmospheric pressure is lower than at sea level. Atmospheric pressure...

Compressibility

pressure and temperature and results in loss of volume output of pumps. In control systems, compression of fluid provides a mass spring condition that limits system response. Materials with higher compressibility values are more easily compressible,...

Friction

caused by external agent present outside of the system. External non-zero net force imparts an acceleration to the center of mass of the system regardless of point of application. Dry Friction - The resistive force between solid surfaces in contact that...

Hagen–Poiseuille Law

Radius \(in\) \(mm\) \( \rho \) (Greek symbol rho) = Fluid Density \(lbm \;/\; ft^3\) \(kg \;/\; m^3\) \( \dot m_f \) = Mass Flow Rate \(lbm \;/\; sec\) \(kg \;/\; s\) \( L \) = Pipe Length \(ft\) \(m\)

Latent Heat

\(kJ\;/\;kg\) \( Q \) = Amount of Energy Transferred for the Phase Change \(lbf-ft\) \(J\) \( m \) = Substance Mass \(lbm\) \(kg\) Latent heat, abbreviated as \(Q_l\), is the energy absorbed or released by a substance during a constant temperature or...

Matter

you look around, everything you see or may not see in the universe is made up of matter. Matter refers to anything that has mass and takes up space. This includes all physical substances and objects that we can see, touch, and interact with. Matter can...

Universal Gravitational Constant

value of G is approximately 6.67430 x 10^-11 N·(m/kg)^2. This means that the gravitational force between two objects of mass 1 kg each and separated by a distance of 1 meter is approximately 6.67 x 10^-11 Newtons. standard gravity \( g \;=\; 32.17404856...

Stress

pressure. Fatigue Stress - Failure or weakening of a material due to repetition and load cycling. Flow Stress - When a mass of flowing fluid indicates a dynamic pressure on a conduit wall. Hoop Stress - The circumferential and perpendicular stress to...

Steam

the formation of steam. Steam has several unique properties and behaviors. It occupies a greater volume than an equivalent mass of liquid water, as the gas molecules are more spread out and less densely packed. Steam is also less dense than air, making...

Sensible Heat

T \;=\; \dfrac{ Q_s }{ m \cdot c }\) Symbol English Metric \( Q_s \) = Sensible Heat \(Btu\;/\;lbm\) \(kJ\;/\;kg\) \( m \) = Mass \(lbm\) \(kg\) \( c \) = Specific Heat \(Btu\;/\;lbm-F\) \(kJ\;/\;kg-K\) \( \Delta T \) = Change in Temperature \(^\circ...