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Rotational Kinetic Energy

units of radians per second. The moment of inertia quantifies an object's resistance to rotational motion and depends on its mass distribution relative to the axis of rotation. The relationship between translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic...

Newton's Second Law for Rotation

of inertia. The moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotational motion, similar to how mass is a measure of resistance to linear motion. This law is essential for analyzing rotational motion, such as the motion of...

Discharge Coefficient

\rho }\) Symbol English Metric $ C_d $ = Discharge Coefficient $ dimensionless $ $ dimensionless $ $ \dot m_f $ = Mass Flow Rate $lbm \;/\; sec$ $kg \;/\; s$ $ \rho $ (Greek symbol rho) = Fluid Density $lbm \;/\; ft^3$ $kg \;/\; m^3$...

Pipe Sizing for Steam

\rho_s \; A_c \) (Steam Velocity) Symbol English Metric $ d $ = pipe inside diameter $in$ $mm$ $ \dot m_f $ = steam mass flow rate $lbm\;/\;sec$ $kg\;/\;s$ $ p_d $ = pressure drop $lbf\;/\;in^2$ $Pa$ $ Q $ = heat load $Btu\;/\;lbm$...

Air Velocity through Piping

any obstructions or restrictions present in the system. It is closely related to the air flow rate, which is the volume or mass of air passing through the pipe per unit of time. In some cases, air velocity can be controlled to ensure that certain...

Condensate Load from Heating Liquid Continuous

it cools down, loses energy, and turns back into water droplets or liquid water. Condensate Load - It is the volume or mass of this liquid water formed from the steam. It's important in systems where steam is used for heating because: Temperature...

Frame Design Formulas

Formulas Welding Stress and Strain Connections Welding Symbols See Articles First Moment of Area Elastic Section Modulus Mass Moment of Inertia Monent of Inertia Plastic Section Modulus Polar Moment of Inertia Radius of Gyration Second Moment of Area...

Plate Design Formulas

Shapes Welding Stress and Strain Connections Welding Symbols See Articles First Moment of Area Elastic Section Modulus Mass Moment of Inertia Monent of Inertia Plastic Section Modulus Polar Moment of Inertia Radius of Gyration Second Moment of Area

Hedstrom Number

Symbol English Metric $ He $ = Hedstrom Number $dimensionless$ $dimensionless$ $ \rho $ (Greek symbol rho) = Fluid Mass Density $lbm\;/\;ft^3$ $kg\;/\;m^3$ $ d $ = Pipe Inside Diameter $in^2$ $mm^2$ $ \tau $ (Greek symbol tau) = Pipe...

Specific Heat Capacity of Non-metallic Solids

difference between Specific Heat and Heat Capacity is the Specific Heat, proper, is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 mass unit of material by 1 Temperature Unit. The values below are listed in kJ/kg-K [SI] or BTU/Lb-F [US]. Specific Heat Capacity...

Law of Conservation of Energy

+ PE_i \) Symbol English Metric $ g $ = Gravity $ft\;/\;sec^2$ $m\;/\;s^2$ $ h $ = Height $ft$ $m$ $ m $ = Mass $lbm$ $kg$ $ v $ = Velocity $ft\;/\;sec$ $m\;/\;s$ $ KE $ = Kinetic Energy $bf-ft $ $J$ $ PE $ = Potential...

Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum

}{ m } \) Symbol English Metric $ \overrightarrow{p} $ = Linear Momentum $lbm-ft\;/\;sec$ $kg-m\;/\;s$ $ m $ = Mass $lbm$ $kg$ $ \overrightarrow{v} $ = Linear Velocity $ft\;/\;sec$ $m\;/\;s$ Law of conservation of linear momentum...

Height

symbol rho) = Density $lbm\;/\;ft^3$ $kg\;/\;m^3$ $ g $ = Gravitational Acceleration $ft\;/\;sec^2$ $m\;/\;s^2$ $ m $ = Mass $lbm$ $kg$ $ PE $ = Potential Energy $ lbf-ft $ $ J $ $ p_b $ = Pressure at Bottom of Column $lbf\;/\;in^2$ $Pa$ $ p_t $ =...

Initial Temperature

Capacity $Btu \;/\; lbm-F$ $kJ \;/\;kg-K$ $ c $ = Specific Heat $Btu \;/\; lbm-F$ $kJ \;/\;kg-K$ $ m $ = Object Mass $lbm$ $kg$ Initial temperature, abbreviated as $T_i$ or $T_{intial}$, is the starting temperature of a substance,...

Final Temperature

Capacity $Btu \;/\; lbm-F$ $kJ \;/\;kg-K$ $ c $ = Specific Heat $Btu \;/\; lbm-F$ $kJ \;/\;kg-K$ $ m $ = Object Mass $lbm$ $kg$ Final temperature, abbreviated as $T_f$ or $T_{final}$, is the temperature of a substance, object, or...

Characteristic Velocity

\) = Chamber Pressure $lbf \;/\; in^2$ $Pa$ $ A $ (Greek symbol rho) = Throat Area $ft^2$ $m^2$ $ \dot m_f $ = Mass Flow Rate $lbm \;/\; sec$ $kg \;/\; s$ Characteristic velocity, abbreviated as U, measure the effectiveness of the...

Weight of Soil

and moisture content. Volume - The volume of soil refers to the amount of space it occupies. Density - Soil density is the mass of soil per unit volume. The density of soil can vary widely depending on its composition, texture, and moisture content. For...

Bulk Unit Weight

weight, is a measure of the weight per unit volume of a bulk material, typically soil or aggregates. It represents the total mass of the material divided by its total volume, including both solid particles and void spaces. It is often used in soil...

Second Moment of Area

of a area cross-section that quantifies its resistance to bending and deflection. It is not a physical property like mass or density but rather a mathematical measure of how the area of a shape is distributed around a particular axis. The further the...

Weight of Water

in soil, also called soil moisture content or soil water content, refers to the amount of water present in a given volume or mass of soil. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a fraction of the soil's total weight or volume. Soil moisture...

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