Arithmetic is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of numbers and the basic operations used to manipulate them.  It is concerned with the study of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and other related operations that can be performed on numbers.  In arithmetic, numbers are used to represent quantities or values, and the basic operations are used to manipulate these quantities or values to perform calculations or solve problems.  Arithmetic is one of the oldest and most fundamental branches of mathematics, and forms the foundation for many other areas of mathematics.

Arithmetic has many practical applications in everyday life, such as in calculating prices, making change, and measuring quantities.  It is also used extensively in fields such as finance, engineering, and science, where precise calculations and measurements are essential.

Arithmetic Glossary

A

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• Addition  -  Finding the sum of two or more munbers.

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• Comparison  -  Compasring two numbers to see which is the largest.

• Counting  -  An action to finding the number of elements of a finite set of objects.

• Counting Number  -  Any number used to count things  \(\large{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,... }\)  excluding  \(\large{ 0 }\) , negative numbers, fractions or decimals.

D

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• Division  -  Dividing two numbers to find how many times one number is contained in another number.

E

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• Equation  -  A statement containing one or more variables that are either added, subtracted, divided or multiplied to get an answer.  \(\large{ 13a^2+7x-21=19 }\)

F

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• Fraction  -  A part  \(\large{ \frac{3}{8} }\)  of the whole.

• Factor Number  -  Numbers \(\large{ 3 }\) and \(\large{ 8 }\) are factors that can be multiplied to get another number \(\large{ 24 }\) .  Equation \(\large{ 3 \times 8=24 }\)

• Formula  -  An expression in symbols used to calculate a desired result in mathematics and chemistry.

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M

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• Mean  -  The sum of all numbers in a set divided by the number of the values.  \(\large{ (2 + 3 + 4 + 5) / 4 = 3.5 }\)

• Multiplication  -  Adding a number by itself multiple times.

• Multiplier  -  In a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 \times 7 = 21 }\)  the number that you are multiplying by.  \(\large{ 3 }\)  is the multiplier,  \(\large{ 7 }\)  is the multiplicand, and  \(\large{ 21 }\)  is the product.

N

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• Negative Number  -  It is the oposite of a whole number  \(\large{ ... , -5, -4, -3, -2, -1 }\)  or decimal number excluding  \(\large{ 0 }\) .

• Number  -  A mathmatical object used to count.

• Number Types  - digits, fractional number, integer number, irrational number, natural number, numeral, rational number, real number, transcendental number, and whole number

• Numeral  -  A single symbol to make a numeral like  \(\large{ 2119 }\) .

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• Positive Number  -  A counting number  \(\large{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,... }\)  or decimal number excluding  \(\large{ 0 }\) .

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• Rational Number  -  Any number that can be expressed as a ratio (fraction) of two integers numbers.  \(\large{ 0=\frac{0}{1} }\) ,  \(\large{ 0.125=\frac{1}{8} }\) , \(\large{ 1.5=\frac{3}{2} }\)

S

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• Subtraction  -  An operation of taking away an amount from another to get a difference.

• Sum  -  In a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 + 7 = 10 }\)  it is the result.  \(\large{ 10 }\) is the sum, and  \(\large{ 3 }\)  and  \(\large{ 7 }\)  are each addends.

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• Whole Number  -  Just positive numbers  \(\large{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... }\)  with no fractions.

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