Mathematics, abbreviated MATH, is the study of properties, quantities and their relationships using numbers and symbols.

 

 

Nomenclature, Symbols, and Units

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Mathematics Glossary

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• Algebra  -  Uses letters or symbols as a place holder for unknown values or numbers.  These variables are used to represent relationships and to solve equations.

• Analysis  -  The approximation of certain mathematical objects, like numbers or fractions.

• Applied Mathematics  -  Applies programs that typically involve a wider range of study to problems that arise in various areas.

• Arithmetic  -  The study of numbers and the properties of their operations.

B

• Biomathematics  -  The mathematical way to study biology and medicine.

C

• Calculate  -  Determines the amount or number of something using mathematical methods.

• Calculus  -  The study of how things change.

• Chaos Theory  -  Deals with complex systems whose behavior is highly sensitive to slight change in conditions.

• Combinatorics  -  Concerned with the number of ways of choosing some objects out of a collection.

• Computation  -  A calculation that includes borh arithmetical and non-arithmetical steps and follows a defined method.

• Computational Statistics  -  The interface between statistics and computer science.

• Constant  -  Something continuing forever or for an indefinitely long time.

• Continuous  -  Deals with connected objects.  Connected objects are those which are not seperated from each other, such as set of real numbers. 

• Cryptography  -  The secret writing with the intention fo keeping the data secret.

• Counting  -  The action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of objects.

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• Discrete Mathematics  -  Deals with discrete objects.  Discrete objects are those which are seperated from each other, such as set of integers.

• Dynamical Systems  -  How the state of a system changes with time.

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• Elementary Algebra  -  Performs basic concepts of algebra operations.

• Equation  -  A statement containing one or more variables that are either added, subtracted, divided, or multiplied to get an answer or a value.

• Estimate  -  An approximate calculation of a quantity.

• Estimation  -  The process of finding an approximation.

• Euclidean Geometry  -  The study of plane and solid figures.

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• Finite  -  Something that is bounded or limited in magnitude or special or temporal extent.

• Formula  -  A rule expressed in symbols or a concise way of expressing information.

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• Game Theory  -  The social interactions, which attempts to explain the mathematical conflicts, cooperation, and interactions people have with one another.

• Geo-statistics  -  The study of spiral or spatiotemporal datasets.

• Geometry  - Deals with shapes and their properties or relationships to circles, lines, points, etc.  These relationships can be expressed in plane geometry, two-dimensional figures and solid geometry, three-dimensional figures.

• Group Theory  -  The study of a set of elements present in a group.

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• Linear Algebra  -  Concerned with vector spaces and linear mapping between such spaces.

• Logic  -  The principles of reasoning or arriving at some conclusion, though it is not logical, based on statements or propositions.

M

• Mathematical Analysis  -  Deals with limits and related theories, such as differential, integral , measure, infinite series, and analytic functions.

• Mathematical Constant  -  A special number that is significantly interesting in some way.

• Mathematical Optimization  -  The selection of the best element from some set of available alternatives.

• Mathematical Proof  -  Demonstrates that a statement is always true.

• Mathematical Statistics  -  The study of statistics from the standpoint of mathematics of analysis, collection, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

N

• Number  -  A mathematical object used to count.

• Number Theory  -  Deals with the properties of numbers and the relationships between them, primarily integers.

• Numeral System  -  A mathematical notification of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner.

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• Operation  -  A calculation from zero or more input values to an output value.

• Optimization  -  The process of maximizing or minimizing an objects function by finding the best avaliable values across a set of inputs.

• Order Theory  -  Deals with order using bionary relations.

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• Plane Geometry  -  A two dimensional figure, also called planar geometry, with edges.

• Planck Constant  -  A physical constant that is the quantum of electromagnetic action, which relates the energy carried by a photon to its frequency.

• Probability  -  The study of change or the likelihood of an event happening.

• Proposition  -  A statement that is either true or false.
  

• Propositional Logic  -  A tool for reasoning about how various statements affect one another.

• Pure Mathematics  -  The study of mathematical concepts independently of any application outside matnematics.

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• Set Theory  -  Studies sets, which informally are collections of objects.

• Solid Geometry  -  A three-dimensional figure with connecting edges on multiple planes.

• Standard Deviation  -  A measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values.

• Statistics  -  The study of analysis, collection, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

• Symmetry  -  An agreement in dimensions and arrangement.

• Symmetry Number  -  The number of different but indistinguishable or equivalent arrangements or views of the object.

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• Topology  -  The spaces and their properties while under any continuous deformation.

• Trigonometry  -  The relations between the sides and angles of plane or spherical triangles.

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