Viscoelastic material exhibits both elastic and viscous behavior when it is deformed. Like an elastic solid, it can store energy and partially return to its original shape when a load is removed, like a viscous fluid, it also dissipates energy through time-dependent flow. This means the material’s response to stress depends not only on the magnitude of the load but also on how long the load is applied and how quickly it is applied. As a result, viscoelastic materials show behaviors such as creep (gradual deformation under constant stress), stress relaxation (a decrease in stress under constant strain), and hysteresis (energy loss during loading and unloading).
Viscoelastic Material Examples
Rubber - natural and synthetic
Polymers - e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene
Elastomers - e.g., silicone rubber, neoprene
Plastics - especially thermoplastics under certain conditions
Asphalt / Bitumen
Adhesives - pressure sensitive tapes, glues
Foams - polyurethane foam, memory foam
Biological tissues - tendons, ligaments, cartilage, skin
Wood - especially under long-term loading
LeatherPaints and coatings
Sealants and gaskets
Damping materials - vibration and shock absorbers
Food materials - cheese, dough, gelatin
