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Formula Symbols - V

}$ $J-s^{-1}$ - $v$ - velocity $\large{\frac{ft}{sec}}$ $\large{\frac{m}{s}}$ $m - s^{-1}$ - $v_{cm}$ - velocity center of mass $\large{\frac{ft}{sec}}$ $\large{\frac{m}{s}}$ $m - s^{-1}$ - $C_v$ - velocity coefficient - - - - - velocity differential...

Reduced Specific Volume

of a substance's critical pressure and temperature. The specific volume of a substance is defined as the volume per unit mass of that substance. The term "reduced specific volume" typically refers to the specific volume of a substance normalized or...

Force

$ m \;=\; \dfrac{ F }{ a } $ $ a \;=\; \dfrac{ F }{ m } $ Symbol English Metric $ F $ = Force $lbf$ $N$ $ m $ = Mass $lbm$ $kg$ $ a $ = Acceleration $ft \;/\; sec^2$ $m \;/\; s^2$ Force, abbreviated as F, is a physical quantity...

Heat Energy

depends on its specific heat capacity, which is a measure of how much energy is required to raise the temperature of a given mass of a substance by a certain amount. Heat energy plays an important role in many natural and industrial processes. It is...

Heat Transfer

T \;=\; \dfrac{ q }{ m \cdot c }\) Symbol English Metric $ q $ = Heat Transfer $Btu \;/\; hr$ $W$ $ m $ = Object Mass $lbm$ $kg$ $ c $ = Specific Heat $Btu \;/\; lbm-F$ $kJ \;/\; kg-K$ $ \Delta T $ = Change in Temperature \(^\circ F...

Tilting Disk Check Valve

water hammer is expected, a tilting disc might help mitigate water hammer. The reason for this is the disc has a very low mass and can close quickly. This means that the valve will be closed before the returning pressure wave slams the disc shut. Valve...

Welding Symbols

Shapes Plate Design Formulas Welding Stress and Strain Connections See Articles First Moment of Area Elastic Section Modulus Mass Moment of Inertia Monent of Inertia Plastic Section Modulus Polar Moment of Inertia Radius of Gyration Second Moment of...

Flow Regime

by chaotic and irregular fluid motion, with eddies, swirls, and increased mixing. Turbulence can result in enhanced heat and mass transfer. Turbulent flow typically occurs at higher fluid velocities and is more likely with fluids of higher viscosity....

Free Fall

all objects near the surface of the Earth will experience the same acceleration due to gravity, regardless of their mass. This acceleration is approximately 9.8 meters per second squared. When an object is in free fall, its velocity increases over time...

Flow Rate

measure flow rate, various types of flow meters are used, including volumetric flow meters, velocity flow meters, and mass flow meters. These devices typically use principles such as pressure, flow resistance, or thermal properties to determine the flow...

Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure

at constant pressur, abbreviated as $C_p$, is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius while keeping the pressure constant. It measures the ability of a substance to absorb heat...

Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Volume

at constant volume, abbreviated as $C_v$, is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius while keeping the volume constant. It measures the ability of a substance to absorb heat...

Reduced Viscosity

ft^2\) $Pa-s$ $ \mu_i $ (Greek symbol mu) = Relative Viscosity Incrementy $lbf - sec \;/\; ft^2$ $Pa-s$ $ c $ = Mass Concentration $ lbm $ $ kg $ Reduced viscosity is a concept used in the study of fluid dynamics and polymer science to...

Dean Number

unstable and develops a complex secondary flow structure. The Dean number is commonly used in the analysis of heat and mass transfer in curved pipes and in the design of microfluidic devices. Dean Number Interpretation Low Dean Number (De...

Moment of Inertia of a Cube

$lbm \;/\; ft^2-sec$ $kg \;/\; m^2$ $ h $ = Height $ in $ $ mm $ $ l $ = Length $ in $ $ mm $ $ m $ = Mass $ lbm $ $ kg $ $ w $ = Width $ in $ $ mm $

Geometric Properties of Structural Shapes

Formulas Welding Stress and Strain Connections Welding Symbols See Articles First Moment of Area Elastic Section Modulus Mass Moment of Inertia Monent of Inertia Plastic Section Modulus Polar Moment of Inertia Radius of Gyration Second Moment of Area...

Beam Design Formulas

Formulas Welding Stress and Strain Connections Welding Symbols See Articles First Moment of Area Elastic Section Modulus Mass Moment of Inertia Monent of Inertia Plastic Section Modulus Polar Moment of Inertia Radius of Gyration Second Moment of Area...

Welded Stress and Strain Connections

of Structural Shapes Plate Design Formulas Welding Symbols See Articles First Moment of Area Elastic Section Modulus Mass Moment of Inertia Monent of Inertia Plastic Section Modulus Polar Moment of Inertia Radius of Gyration Second Moment of Area Common...

Charles' Law

law, also known as the law of volumes, one of the gas laws, it states that at a constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas is directly porportional, increases or decreases, to the absolute temperature. This gas law that describes the...

Angular Momentum for a Rigid Body

the body. For a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis, the angular momentum depends on both the distribution of the body’s mass and its angular velocity. The direction of the angular momentum vector is along the axis of rotation, following the...

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