Pipe Fitting Glossary

on 23 June 2024. Posted in Pipe Fitting

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Annealing - A heating and controlled cooling operation to impart specific desirable properties generally concerned with subsequent fabrication of the alloy.
Arc Welding - A group of welding processes used to weld metal using heat of an electric arc, with or without filler material.
ASME B16.34 - Group 1, Material Spec, Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel -

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Barred Tee - A tee or any fitting with a branch used in pipelines that is pigged and has a restriction bar welded internally preventing the pig from traveling down a branch connection.
Belled End Pipe Fittings - Used instead of buttwelded fittings. They are a lot faster to install because there is no nead to bevel the connecting pipe and because making up the weld is a lot faster.
Bleed Ring - A ring section with one or more radial pipe connections designed to fit between standard flanges within the bolt circle, using conventional gasket material.
Branch Connection Fitting - Not just tee's and lateral's, they are also weldolets.
Burst Test - A destructive hydraulic test to determine actual yield strength and ultimate strength of seamless and welded pipe.
Buttweld Fitting - Can be split up into different categories depending on what it's function is.

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Corrosion - The thinning of a pipe wall that is typically caused by a chemical reaction from a corroding fluid or agent and is limited almost exclusively to metal products.

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Expansion Joint - Heat and cold causes piping systems to expand and contract. This expansion and contraction can put enormous stresses on the pipe causing it to buckle or fail.

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Fitting Specification, ASME - The following is based on ASME B16.11 - Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded.
Fitting Specification, BSI -
Fitting, Material Specifications, ASTM -
Flange - A bolted connection where two pieces of pipe, equipment, fittings or valves are connected together to form a piping system.
Flare Fitting - A type of compression fitting. Tube flaring is considered to be a type of forging operation and is usually a cold-working procedure. Thread Sealant is not typically used with flare fittings.
Flex Connector - Used primarily to take the stress off pumps and motors when noise absorption, vibration, or thermal growth may happen.
Flow Rate - The amount of fluid that flows in a given time past a specific point.
Friction - The mechanical resistance to the relative movement of two surfaces.

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Gasket - A material that is used to seal the face of flanges, valves and equipment. When compressed between two flange faces it will deform to match the surface grooves and irregularities.
General Fitting Standards -

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Hydrostatic Test - Pressure tests that are carried out on every valve when built to test the integrity of the pressure-containing parts.

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Impact Tee - Takes steam flow through the branch connection of a normal tee.

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Minimum Wall - Minimum thickness permissible calculated by subtracting minus tolerance from nominal wall.

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Nipple - Nipples join unions, valves, strainers, fittings, etc.

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Pickling - Pipe immersed in acid bath to remove scale, oil, dirt, etc.
Pipe - A hollow tube that can carry products such as fluid, gas, granular and more.
Pipe End - There are three main types of pipe ends: beveled, threaded or plain.
Pipe Tap - Uses a cutting tool to create internal threads in a hole or pipe. It is specifically designed to create threads that conform to standard pipe thread sizes and specifications.
Piping One-line Drawing - A piping single line drawing is a piping drawing that shows the size and location of pipes, fittings and valves.
Pressure - It is the force exerted perpendicular to the surface of an object and is expressed as force per unit area.
Pressure Differential - The pressure difference between two points of a system.
Pressure Loss - The difference in upstream and downstream pressure.
Protector - Sleve with threads to protect threads.

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Quenching - The fast cooling of metals or alloys for the process of hardening. This process can be done with air, oil, or water. If the metal cools too quickly due to a large flow of heat into the thick base plate, the weld may become brittle, having low fracture toughness.

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Skelp - Long narrow strips of plate of correct thickness and width to produce CW or ERW pipe.
Socket Weld Fitting - Where the pipe is inserted into a recessed area of the fitting.
Split Tee - It is a pipeline fitting designed such that the inner diameter of the fitting is the same size as the outside diameter of the pipe that will be hot tapped.
Stress - The force per unit area of cross-section.
Stress Relieving - A process similar to annealing whereby steel is heated for an extend period of time, typically done after forging, normalizing, or cold working.

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Tension Strength - The capacity of a material to resist a force tending to stretch it.
Threaded Fitting - Generally four inches and smaller. The reason for this size constraint is the pipe end needs to be threaded with a male type connection and die sizes are unobtainable in the larger diameters.
Thrust Block - An obstacle for the pressure against a change in direction of a pipe by a elbow, etc.
Torque - The rotational force used to move a shart.

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Volumetric Flow Rate - The amount of fluid that flows in a given time past a specific point.

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Welding - The fabrication process that fuses like materials togeather by heating them to a suitable temperatures, this can be acomplished by brazing, soldering or welding.
Wheelabrator - Device used to clean the surface of steel using small pieces of metal shot, much in the same manner as a sandblaster.
Working Pressure - The normal pressure that a system operates at.

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Yield Strength - The minimum stress that leads to permanent deformation of the material.

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