# Formula Symbols - C

Written by Jerry Ratzlaff on . Posted in Nomenclature & Symbols for Engineering, Mathematics, and Science

## Formula Symbols

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## C

SymbolGreek SymbolDefinitionEnglishMetricSIValue
$$C$$ - capacitance $$K$$ $$\large{\frac{s^4-A^2}{kg-m^2}}$$ s^4 - A^2 - kg^-1 - m^-2   -
$$Q$$, $$\;V$$ - capacity $$in^3$$ $$L$$ $$L$$   -
$$Ca$$ - Capillary number dimensionless  -
$$n_{max}$$ - Carnot efficiency dimensionless -
$$F$$ - casing quality factor dimensionless -
$$A$$, $$\;L_d$$ - characteristic diffusion length - - -  -
$$Ca$$ - Cauchy number dimensionless  -
$$K$$ - cavitation - - -  -
$$K_c$$ - cavitation index - - -  -
$$Ca$$, $$\;\sigma$$ sigma cavitation number dimensionless  -
$$C$$ - celsius - $$C$$ $$x+273.15\;K$$ -
$$c$$ - cement content of concrete $$\large{\frac{lbm}{yd^3}}$$ $$\large{\frac{kg}{m^3}}$$ $$kg - m^{-3}$$ -
$$Q_c$$ - cement quantity - - - -
$$r_c$$ - cement ratio dimensionless -
$$x_{cm}$$ - center of mass $$ft$$ $$m$$ $$m$$ -
$$Ce$$ - centrifuge number dimensionless  -
$$F_c$$ - centrifugal force $$lbf$$ $$N$$  $$kg - m - s^{-2}$$ -
$$a_c$$ - centripetal acceleration $$\large{\frac{ft}{sec}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m}{s}}$$ $$m - s^{-1}$$  -
$$F_c$$ - centripetal force $$lbf$$ $$N$$  $$kg - m - s^{-2}$$  -
$$Q$$ - Chandrasekhar number dimensionless  -
$$\;\Delta$$, $$\;\delta$$, $$\;\partial$$ Delta, delta, partial change - - -  -
$$\rho$$ rho change density - - -  -
$$\rho$$ rho change density of electrons - - -  -
$$\Delta L$$ - change in angular momentum  $$\large{\frac{lbm-ft^2}{sec}}$$  $$\large{\frac{kg-m^2}{s}}$$  $$kg - m^2 - s^{-1}$$  -
$$\Delta \omega$$ omega change in angular velocity $$\large{\frac{rad}{sec}}$$ $$\large{\frac{rad}{s}}$$ $$rad - s^{-1}$$  -
$$\Delta v$$ - change in fluid velocity $$\large{\frac{ft}{sec}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m}{s}}$$ $$m - s^{-1}$$  -
$$l_c$$ - change in length $$ft$$ or $$in$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$  -
$$v$$ - change in velocity $$\large{\frac{ft}{sec}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m}{s}}$$ $$m - s^{-1}$$ -
$$z$$ - change number of an ion - - -  -
$$\Omega$$ Omega characteristic angular velocity - - -  -
$$\Delta x$$ Delta characteristic difference of mole fraction - - -  -
$$f$$ - characteristic frequency - - -  -
$$Z_0$$ mu characteristic impedance of vacuum $$\Omega$$ $$\Omega$$ kg - m^2 - s^-3 - A^-2  $$376.730\;313\;668$$ $$\Omega$$
$$l$$, $$\;l_c$$ - characteristic length $$ft$$ or $$in$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$  -
$$r$$ - characteristic linear dimension perpendicular to the rotation axis $$in$$ $$mm$$ $$mm$$ -
$$v$$ - characteristic speed $$\large{\frac{ft}{sec}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m}{s}}$$ $$m - s^{-1}$$ -
$$\Theta$$ Theta characteristic temperature - - - -
$$\Delta T$$ Delta characteristic temperature difference - - - -
$$t_c$$   characteristic time - - - -
$$U$$ - characteristic velocity $$\large{\frac{ft}{sec}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m}{s}}$$ $$m - s^{-1}$$ -
$$q$$ - charge of particle - - - -
- - Charles' law - - - -
$$C$$ - Chezy coefficient dimensionless -
$$Ch$$ - Chezy formula $$\large{\frac{ft^3}{min}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m^3}{s}}$$ $$m^3 - s^{-1}$$ -
$$c$$ - chord length $$ft$$ or $$in$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$ -
$$\omega$$ omega circular frequency - - - -
$$\Gamma$$ Gamma circulation - - - -
$$v_c$$ - circular velocity $$\large{\frac{ft}{sec}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m}{s}}$$ $$m - s^{-1}$$  -
$$C$$ - circumference $$ft$$ or $$in$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$  -
$$r_e$$ - classical electron radius $$ft$$ $$m$$ $$m$$ $$2.817\;940\;3262\;(13)\;x\;10^{-15}$$ $$m$$
- - Clausius-Clapeyron equation - - - -
$$c$$ - clearance $$ft$$ or $$in$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$  -
$$d_3$$ - clearance length $$ft$$ or $$in$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$ -
$$Q_{co}$$ - coarse quantity (gravel & rock) - - - -
$$r_{co}$$ - coarse ratio (gravel & rock) - - - -
$$C$$ - coefficient dimensionless  -
$$\gamma$$ gamma coefficient of area thermal expansion $$\large{ \frac{in^2}{in^2-F} }$$ $$\large{ \frac{mm^2}{mm^2-C} }$$  $$mm - mm^{-1} - C^{-1}$$  -
$$K_c$$ - coefficient of constant cavitation dimensionless  -
$$\mu$$, $$\;C_d$$ mu coefficient of discharge - - -  -
$$f$$ - coefficient of friction dimensionless  -
$$\alpha_t$$ alpha coefficient of linear thermal expansion $$ft$$ or $$in$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$  -
$$e$$ - coefficient of restitution - - -  -
$$a$$ - coefficient of rolling resistance $$ft$$ or $$in$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$ $$m$$ or $$mm$$  -
$$\alpha$$, $$\;\alpha_c$$ alpha coefficient of thermal expansion $$\large{ \frac{in}{in-F} }$$ $$\large{ \frac{mm}{mm-C} }$$ $$mm - mm^{-1} - C^{-1}$$ -
$$\eta$$ eta coeficient of viscosity - - -  -
$$\alpha_v$$ alpha coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion $$ft^3$$ $$m^3$$ $$m^3$$  -
$$\xi$$ xi coherence depth - - -  -
$$Coh$$ - cohesion number dimensionless  -
$$v_c$$ - collision frequency - - -  -
-  - Colburn J factors dimensionless  -
- - Colebrook-White equation - - - -
$$\phi_B$$ phi compound machines efficiency dimensionless -
$$\sigma$$ sigma column buckling stress $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$ -
- - combined gas law - - - -
$$CCV$$ - combustion chamber volume $$in^3$$ $$cc^3$$ $$cc^3$$  -
$$\beta$$ beta compressibility dimensionless  -
$$Z$$ - compressibility factor dimensionless  -
$$Z_i$$ - compressibility factor at inlet - - -  -
$$Z_o$$ - compressibility factor at outlet - - -  -
$$K$$ - compression $$in$$ $$mm$$ $$mm$$  -
$$CCV$$ - compression chanber volume $$in^3$$ $$cc^3$$ $$cc^3$$  -
$$CR$$ - compression ratio dimensionless  -
$$\phi_c$$ phi compression resistance factor dimensionless -
$$CS$$ - compressive strength $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$ -
$$\lambda_c$$ lambda Compton wavelength - - -  -
$$CFD$$ - computational fluid dynamics - - -  -
$$C$$ - concentration $$ppm$$ $$\large{\frac{mg}{L}}$$ $$mg - L^{-1}$$   -
$$C$$ - concentration of hydrocarbon in air - - - -
$$f_cm$$ - concrete mean compressive cylinder strength $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$ -
$$f_cm28$$ - concrete mean compressive cylinder strength at 28 days $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$ -
$$f_cmt$$ - concrete mean compressive cylinder strength at age t $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$ -
$$f_cmtc$$ - concrete mean compressive cylinder strength when drying starts at age t_c $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$ -
$$f_cmto$$ - concrete mean compressive cylinder strength when loading starts at age t_o $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$ -
$$f_{c}{'}$$ - concrete specified cylinder 28-day compression strength $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$ -
$$V$$ - concrete volume $$ft^3$$ $$m^3$$ $$m^3$$ -
$$m_c$$ - condensate load from heating air $$lbm$$ $$kg$$ $$kg$$  -
$$m_c$$ - condensate load from heating liquid batch $$lbm$$ $$kg$$ $$kg$$ -
$$m_c$$ - condensate load from heating liquid continuous $$lbm$$ $$kg$$ $$kg$$ -
$$d$$ - condensate pipe sizing $$in$$ $$mm$$ $$mm$$
$$G$$ - conductance $$S$$ $$S$$ s^3 - A^2 - kg^-1 - m^-2   -
$$G_0$$ = $$\frac{2\;e^2}{h}$$ - conductance quantum $$S$$ $$S$$ s^3 - A^2 - kg^-1 - m^-2  $$7.748\;091\;729...\;x\;10^{-5}$$ $$S$$
$$\gamma$$, $$\;\sigma$$ gamma, sigma conductivity - $$\large{\frac{S}{m}}$$ $$S - m^{-1}$$  -
$$c$$ - consentration - - -  -
$$CI$$ - consistency index dimensionless -
$$k$$ - constant - - -  -
$$a_c$$ - constant acceleration $$\large{\frac{ft}{sec^2}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m}{s^2}}$$ $$m - s^{-2}$$  -
$$\omega_f$$ omega constant angular acceleration $$\large{\frac{rad}{sec}}$$  $$\large{\frac{rad}{s}}$$ $$rad - s^{-1}$$  -
$$c_p$$, $$\;p$$ - constant pressure $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$  -
$$C$$ - constant used in space mechanics $$\large{\frac{1}{ft}}$$  $$\large{\frac{1}{m}}$$  $$1 - m^{-1}$$ -
$$v$$ - constant volume $$ft^3$$ or $$in^3$$ $$m^3$$ or $$mm^3$$ $$m^3$$ or $$mm^3$$  -
$$\beta$$ beta contact angle $$deg$$ $$rad$$ $$rad$$  -
$$A_1$$ - continuity equation for area $$in^2$$  $$mm^2$$  $$mm^2$$ -
$$\rho_1$$ rho continuity equation for density $$\large{\frac{lbm}{ft^3}}$$  $$\large{\frac{kg}{m^3}}$$   $$kg - m^{-3}$$ -
- - continuity equation for mass - - - -
$$v_1$$ - continuity equation for velocity $$\large{\frac{ft}{sec}}$$  $$\large{\frac{m}{s}}$$  $$m - s^{-1}$$ -
$$C_v$$ - control valve - - -  -
$$h$$, $$\;h_c$$ - convective heat transfer coefficient $$\large{\frac{Btu}{hr-ft^2-F}}$$  $$\large{\frac{W}{m^2-K}}$$ $$W - m^{-2} - K^{-1}$$  -
$$k$$ - conversion factor of the unit system - - -  -
$$k$$ - conveyance - - - -
$$T_c$$ - cooler temperature $$F$$ $$C$$ $$x+273.15\;K$$  -
$$CCD$$ - cooling degree days $$F$$ $$C$$ $$x+273.15\;K$$  -
$$CLF$$ - cooling load factor - - -  -
$$CLTD$$ - cooling load temperature difference $$F$$ $$C$$ $$x+273.15\;K$$  -
$$a_c$$ - Coriolis acceleration $$\large{\frac{ft}{sec^2}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m}{s^2}}$$ $$m - s^{-2}$$ -
$$F_c$$ - Coriolis force $$lbf$$ $$N$$  $$kg - m - s^{-2}$$ -
$$f$$ - Coriolis frequency $$\large{\frac{1}{sec}}$$ $$\large{\frac{1}{s}}$$ $$1 - s^{-1}$$  -
$$C$$, $$\;\alpha$$, $$\;K$$ alpha correction factor dimensionless  -
- - correction for the intermolecular forces dimensionless -
$$C$$ - corrosion allowance $$in$$ $$cm$$ $$cm$$  -
$$C$$ - cost - - -  -
$$k_e$$ - Coulomb's constant $$\large{\frac{lbf-ft^2}{F^2}}$$ $$\large{\frac{N-m^2}{C^2}}$$ $$N - m^{2} - C^{-2}$$ $$8.987\;551\;7923\;(14)\;x\;10^9$$ $$\large{\frac{N-m^2}{C^2}}$$
$$F$$ - Coulomb's law $$lbf$$ $$N$$ $$kg - m - s^{-2}$$  -
$$k_e$$ - Coulmbo's wave constant - - - -
$$Co$$ - Courant Number dimensionless  -
$$Co$$ - Cowling number dimensionless  -
$$B$$ - crack coefficient $$\large{\frac{ft^3}{ft-hr}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m^3}{m-hr}}$$ $$m^3 - hr^{-1}$$  -
$$\epsilon$$ epsilon creep - - -  -
$$p_c$$ - critical pressure $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$  -
$$R_{cp}$$ - critical pressure ratio dimensionless -
$$R_{cpf}$$ - critical pressure ratio factor dimensionless  -
$$T_c$$ - critical temperature $$F$$ $$C$$ $$x+273.15\;K$$  -
$$\sigma$$ sigma cross-section $$in^2$$ $$mm^2$$ $$mm^2$$  -
$$A_f$$ - cross-section area of flange $$in^2$$ $$mm^2$$ $$mm^2$$  -
$$A_g$$ - cross-section area of grout $$in^2$$ $$mm^2$$ $$mm^2$$  -
$$A_w$$ - cross-section area of web $$in^2$$ $$mm^2$$ $$mm^2$$  -
$$\alpha_v$$, $$\;\gamma$$ alpha, gamma cubic expansion coefficient - - -  -
$$CFM$$ - cubic feet per minute   $$\large{\frac{ft^3}{min}}$$   $$\large{\frac{m^3}{min}}$$ $$m^3 - min^{-1}$$  -
$$CID$$ - cubic inch displacement $$in^3$$ $$mm^3$$ $$mm^3$$  -
$$Q$$ - curb gutter flow rate $$\large{\frac{ft^3}{sec}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m^3}{s}}$$ $$m^3 - s^{-1}$$ -
$$T_c$$ - Curie temperature - - -  -
$$I$$ - current (electric) $$I$$ $$\large{\frac{C}{s}}$$ $$C - s^-1$$  -
$$J$$ - current density - $$\large{\frac{A}{m^2}}$$ $$A - m^-2$$
$$j$$ - current density of electrons  - - -  -
$$I$$ - current in the wire $$I$$ $$\large{\frac{C}{s}}$$ $$C - s^-1$$ -
$$I$$ - current intensity flowing in the cable $$\large{\frac{ft}{sec}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m}{s}}$$ $$m - s^{-1}$$ -
$$C_c$$ - curvature coefficient dimensionless -
$$v$$ - cutting speed $$\large{\frac{ft}{min}}$$ $$\large{\frac{m}{s}}$$ $$m - s^{-1}$$  -
$$\sigma$$ sigma cylinder axial stress $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$ -
$$\sigma_h$$ sigma cylinder hoop stress $$\large{\frac{lbf}{in^2}}$$ $$Pa$$ $$kg- m^{-1}-s^{-2}$$ -
Symbol Greek Symbol Definition English Metric   Value

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